Expand Filesystem

If you find that the free space of the raspberry pi SD card or eMMC is smaller than the capacity of the actual SD card or eMMC, you need to do the following to expand the raspberry pi. If you find that the system does not have the raspi config tool, you can use Method 2 (use the GParted partition tool).

Method 1: Use raspi-config tool

If you are using a mirror after June 2023 and have added a third read-write partition, this method is no longer applicable. Please refer to method 2 and method 3. 1. open raspi-config.

sudo raspi-config

3. choose Expand Filesystem：

4. Ok:

5. Execute the command resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p2 in the terminal to see that the SD card has been successfully expanded.

Method 2: Use GParted tool

1. Connect the SD card or EMMc that has burned the image to the computer through USB. Take the GParted partition tool under Linux as an example. Other platforms also have similar partition tools. Open GParted software and select SD card:

2. By observing the partition of the SD card in the above figure, we can find that 2.01GB and 21.87GB of space are unused before and after the sdb3 partition, which is the space we want to expand. Select the sdb3 partition and click Resize.

3. You can drag the white partition of sdb3 to the leftmost and rightmost, or fill in 25958 with "Previous Free Space" as "0" and "New Size" as "Maximum Size", and then click Resize in the lower right corner. Then click OK to see that all unused space of sd has been used.

4. Insert the SD card into the device and start it.

Method 3: Use script

• If you are using a BliKVM image, you can run the following script on KVM to automatically expand the space. 1. Log in to the KVM terminal, confirm that the system has read and write permissions, run vim expand. sh on any path, and write the following content to expand.sh.
  If your hardwawre is v1,v2 or v3, use:

  #!/bin/bash
  set -x
  
  resize_mmcblk0p3() {
    echo "Resizing mmcblk0p3 partition..."
    parted /dev/mmcblk0 resizepart 3 100%
    resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p3
    echo "mmcblk0p3 partition resized successfully."
  }
  
  echo "Starting partition resizing..."
  
  resize_mmcblk0p3
  
  echo "Partition resizing completed."
  

  If your hardwawre is v4, use:

  #!/bin/bash
  set -x
  
  resize_mmcblk0p1() {
    echo "Resizing mmcblk0p1 partition..."
    parted /dev/mmcblk0 resizepart 1 100%
    resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p1
    echo "mmcblk0p1 partition resized successfully."
  }
  
  echo "Starting partition resizing..."
  
  resize_mmcblk0p1
  echo "Partition resizing completed."
  

• If you are using a PiKVM image, you can run the following script on KVM to automatically expand the space. 1. Log in to the KVM terminal, confirm that the system has read and write permissions, run vim expand. sh on any path, and write the following content to expand.sh

  #!/bin/bash
  set -x
          if grep -q 'X-kvmd\.otgmsd' /etc/fstab; then
                  part=$(grep 'X-kvmd\.otgmsd' /etc/fstab | awk '{print $1}')
                  # shellcheck disable=SC2206
                  splitted=(${part//=/ })
                  if [ "${splitted[0]}" == LABEL ]; then
                          label=${splitted[1]}
                          part=$(blkid -c /dev/null -L "$label")
                  else
                          label=PIMSD
                  fi
                  unset splitted
                  disk=/dev/$(lsblk -no pkname "$part")
                  npart=$(cat "/sys/class/block/${part//\/dev\//}/partition")
                  umount "$part"
                  parted "$disk" -a optimal -s resizepart "$npart" 100%
                  yes | mkfs.ext4 -L "$label" -F -m 0 "$part"
                  mount "$part"
                  unset disk part npart label
          fi
  

2. Execute 'bash expand. sh' on the terminal and wait for the execution to complete.